中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
“乙类乙管”后是否会有第二轮感染?疫情信息如何统计?总台独家专访吴尊友****** 1月8日起新冠病毒感染实施“乙类乙管”,对于疫情监测数据通报、病毒变异是否会引发新一轮感染,我国又将采取怎样的措施继续实施监控,总台央视记者独家专访中国疾控中心流行病学首席专家吴尊友,他就公众关心的问题进行了解答。 总台央视记者 史迎春:大家都在担心在国际上的奥密克戎BQ系列,然后包括XBB系列的变异株,它们在我们实行“乙类乙管”,出入境打开以后,进入国内会掀起第二轮的感染,这是大家普遍担心的一个问题,您认为这个问题应该怎么看。 中国疾控中心流行病学首席专家 吴尊友:我们也对国际社会的各个国家流行的新毒株的情况进行了解追踪,那么同时对国内发生的疫情也进行了毒株变异的监测,特别是从境外回国人员当中也检测到这些毒株。会不会造成新一轮的疫情,取决于变异的毒株和我们刚刚流行的这些毒株之间,在结构上面有多大的相似性,或者说它的变异差异有多大。从目前来看,因为它的变异也是奥密克戎亚型里面的分支的变异,马上造成新一轮传播的这种风险的话,应该说不会太大。 总台央视记者 史迎春:还有一种担心是认为中国人口基数比较大,感染的人口基数也大,会不会产生新的变种,从而影响整个世界的病毒序列,或者说整个世界的病毒的进程。 中国疾控中心流行病学首席专家 吴尊友:优化防控策略以后,本地传播的疫情病例数在有一定的水平和规模的情况下,确实存在着新的变异毒株的可能性,我们也密切关注。所以在“乙类甲管”调整为“乙类乙管”的疫情监测方案当中,就专门提到了新冠病毒变异毒株的监测,在现阶段,每天都在进行新的毒株的样本收集和测序,来对它的变化进行监测。从目前的结果来看,我们现在发现的所有的毒株,都是已经在国际共享平台上分享的毒株,也就是说在国外已经报告了,或者说主要是从境外流行以后传入中国,到目前为止还没有发现国内新出现的变异毒株。 为指导全国各地做好当前新型冠状病毒感染疫情监测工作,国务院联防联控机制印发了《新型冠状病毒感染“乙类乙管”疫情监测方案》,及时动态掌握人群感染发病水平和变化趋势,科学研判和预测疫情规模、强度和流行时间,动态分析病毒株变异情况,以及对传播力、致病力、免疫逃逸能力及检测试剂敏感性的影响,为疫情防控提供技术支撑。 总台央视记者 史迎春:对于之前疫情通报的数字和自己本身的感受,很多公众觉得差距比较大。我们国家一直的疫情统计和发布的疫情信息,是如何去监测和统计报告的?现在有没有相应的调整? 中国疾控中心流行病学首席专家 吴尊友:在武汉疫情控制以后,到我们优化防控方案这期间,是叫严格管控时期。每一起疫情的源头、造成感染的毒株,几乎每一个感染者都能够被诊断管理,所以我们采取的是一个计数统计。现阶段由于防控方案的调整,报告病例数和公众感觉的数字,存在着一定的差距。造成这种差距有两个方面的原因,一个是不再实行行政区的大规模核酸检测了,除了重点机构重点人群以外,采取的方法是愿检尽检的方法,这样的话检测的人数、报告的人数就有明显的下降。第二个方面,疫情的感染者主要以轻症为主,多数人还在家庭自我休息调整、进行抗原检测,这一部分也没有纳入到传染病报告,这就造成了这样的差距。为了更好地做好统计工作,联防联控机制制定下发了新冠病毒感染“乙类乙管”疫情监测方案,采取的是多种渠道的监测,包括住院病例的报告监测、核酸抗原检测的数字统计,还有重点机构像养老福利机构的监测,再有像学校学生的呼吸道症状的监测,以及对部分病人的检测。还有我们在全国设立500多个流感哨点监测。我们采用了多种统计方法综合运用,也能够相对准确评估疫情的发生发展趋势,能够对于疫情的发病,流行的强度,流行的趋势,流行的时间做出研判,对防控效果作出评价。在过去几年,欧美国家和全球其他的国家实际上也是采取这样一个统计方法,它主要就是通过抽样的方法来反映总体情况。(央视新闻客户端) (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |