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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

（新春见闻）春运首日：中国多地开启“趣暖返乡”******

　　中新社北京1月7日电 　1月7日，2023年中国铁路春运正式拉开帷幕。中国各地车站迎来返乡客流，旅客的“归家路”不乏趣味与温暖。

　　当日9时15分，阳光洒落深圳北站候车室内，5名来自铁路部门的书法家，正现场书写春联赠送旅客，献上新春祝福。独创的“福兔”惟妙惟肖，成了旅客们的“抢手货”。

　　与此同时，在福建漳州火车站候车厅里，随处可见“春运连着你我他”红色横幅，旅客们手持“兔年吉祥”的立牌互动拍照，客运人员还将手写春联和玉兔玩偶送给游客。

　　在广西南宁东站列车车厢内，到处张贴着喜庆的福字，悬挂着红灯笼，处处透着“年味”。南宁局集团公司南宁客运段列车长卢其明与列车员李妍静为乘客表演了一曲民歌《只有山歌敬亲人》。

　　广州南站候车室大厅里，一座“流动的博物馆”吸引游客驻足。记者了解到，这是广州铁路博物馆举办的“能流动的博物馆、会说话的老物件”主题展。粤汉铁路的百年股票、新中国成立前的铁路手提信号灯、不同年代的火车票等212件珍贵藏品，首次在高铁站与旅客“零距离”见面。

　　除此之外，广州南站携手广州医科大学团委开展“情暖回家路防疫伴你行”公益活动，邀请10名医疗人员坐诊，为有需要的旅客进行免费义诊，并向来往的旅客宣传科普防疫防病知识和健康常识，派发铁路职工设计的“防疫四字经”文创书签，让旅客的旅途更安心。

　　春运期间，南宁局集团公司组织开展山歌表演、写赠春联、送壮族绣球等体验活动，让乘客在旅途中感受浓浓的节日氛围。“通过精彩的活动为每个返乡旅客送上新春祝福，希望我们真情暖心的服务可以温暖旅客的回家路。”卢其明说。

　　为保证市民出行安全顺畅，漳州站党支部书记郑超表示，铁路部门将精准实施“一日一图”，根据实际客流量，通过加开列车、动车组重联、普速列车加挂车厢等方式适时增加运力，以更谨慎态度全力应对春运客流变化，保证旅客在春运期间出行安全顺畅。(完)

　　(参与作者：郭军、廖珍妹、王琪、林洁琪)

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）